![]() Its true mission, however, was to break the communications (chiefly diplomatic) of other nations. Jointly funded by the Army and the State Department, the Cipher Bureau was disguised as a New York City commercial code company it actually produced and sold such codes for business use. The Black Chamber was the United States' first peacetime cryptanalytic organization. government created the Cipher Bureau, also known as Black Chamber, in 1919. Army cryptographic section of military intelligence known as MI-8, the U.S. Main article: Black Chamber Black Chamber cryptanalytic work sheet for solving Japanese diplomatic cipher, 1919Īfter the disbandment of the U.S. World War I ended on November 11, 1918, and the army cryptographic section of Military Intelligence (MI-8) moved to New York City on May 20, 1919, where it continued intelligence activities as the Code Compilation Company under the direction of Yardley. It absorbed the Navy's cryptanalysis functions in July 1918. At that point, the unit consisted of Yardley and two civilian clerks. During the course of the war, it was relocated in the army's organizational chart several times. and was part of the war effort under the executive branch without direct Congressional authorization. A code and cipher decryption unit was established as the Cable and Telegraph Section which was also known as the Cipher Bureau. Congress declared war on Germany in World War I. The origins of the National Security Agency can be traced back to April 28, 1917, three weeks after the U.S. Internationally, research has pointed to the NSA's ability to surveil the domestic Internet traffic of foreign countries through " boomerang routing". The documents also revealed the NSA tracks hundreds of millions of people's movements using cellphones' metadata. According to the leaked documents, the NSA intercepts and stores the communications of over a billion people worldwide, including United States citizens. In 2013, the NSA had many of its secret surveillance programs revealed to the public by Edward Snowden, a former NSA contractor. The NSA's actions have been a matter of political controversy on several occasions, including its spying on anti–Vietnam War leaders and the agency's participation in economic espionage. ![]() To further ensure streamlined communication between the signals intelligence community divisions, the NSA Director simultaneously serves as the Commander of the United States Cyber Command and as Chief of the Central Security Service. As part of these responsibilities, the agency has a co-located organization called the Central Security Service (CSS), which facilitates cooperation between the NSA and other U.S. The NSA is entrusted with providing assistance to, and the coordination of, SIGINT elements for other government organizations-which are prevented by Executive Order from engaging in such activities on their own. Unlike the CIA and the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), both of which specialize primarily in foreign human espionage, the NSA does not publicly conduct human-source intelligence gathering. SCS collection tactics allegedly encompass "close surveillance, burglary, wiretapping, breaking and entering". The NSA, alongside the CIA, maintains a physical presence in many countries across the globe the CIA/NSA joint Special Collection Service (a highly classified intelligence team) inserts eavesdropping devices in high value targets (such as presidential palaces or embassies). The NSA is also alleged to have been behind such attack software as Stuxnet, which severely damaged Iran's nuclear program. The NSA currently conducts worldwide mass data collection and has been known to physically bug electronic systems as one method to this end. intelligence organizations in terms of personnel and budget, but information available as of 2013 indicates that the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) pulled ahead in this regard, with a budget of $14.7 billion. Between then and the end of the Cold War, it became the largest of the U.S. Originating as a unit to decipher coded communications in World War II, it was officially formed as the NSA by President Harry S. The NSA relies on a variety of measures to accomplish its mission, the majority of which are clandestine. ![]() communications networks and information systems. The NSA is also tasked with the protection of U.S. ![]() The NSA is responsible for global monitoring, collection, and processing of information and data for foreign and domestic intelligence and counterintelligence purposes, specializing in a discipline known as signals intelligence (SIGINT). The National Security Agency ( NSA) is an intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI).
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